Alfred Moser (Alfredo Moser) who is a technologist in Brazil invented the lighting technology that is low-cost and consumes no power during the day, just a plastic bottle filled with water and a little bleach.

In the past few years, its innovative has over the world. Expected that this new technology will be used in one million families at the beginning of next year. “Just adding two capfuls of bleach can make the algae doesn’t grow in a bottle of water, of course, the algae doesn’t grow in a bottle of water, of course, the bottle where the bleach can be used would be better.” Alfred said.

When Moser installed the lights，he firstly drilled a hole on the roof tile, and then inserted the bottle into the openings from the bottom to the up. ” Use the polyester resin to closed then openings， so even if it rains the house will not leak.”

Although he can not get much income has from the installation of the Moser lamps, but he still has a great pride from this innovation.

This cheap and convenient lighting technology is very suitable for those areas where the power resources is limited and the lighting technologies simply can not be achieved , but for our common areas, in order to achieve the effect of energy saving, LED lighting is the best choice.Meanwhile，there are a large number of excellent manufacturer engaging in manufacturing and researching the LED light，of which the lead lighting is just one，lead Lighting adopts high brightness SMD as the light source of the LED tube and highly integrated and high brightness COB as the light source of the LED flood light, which fully guaranteed stability and soft light of the LED tube light and octahedron breadth and brightness irradiation range of the LED flood light, while the low voltage constant current driver convert the AC into DC so that improve energy efficiency of the LED tube light and LED flood light and reduce the waste heat energy and stroboscopic effect exciting the human eye, the most important is that the LED lighting without adding mercury and other heavy metals harmful to our body and pollution the environment, that’s why the LED light is famous for energy-saving and environmental protection ，login www.ledclan.com to learn more features and uses of the LED tube light and surf www.lead-lighting.com to know more awesome LED floodlights and other LED lighting.

In recent years, lighting has become an important area the world are aimed at to promote energy saving. According to statistics, about 20% of the electricity is used for lighting every year, of which about 40% is used for inefficient incandescent lighting. And with continuous improvement of the output performance, cost, and almost all aspects of the LED light, LED general lighting has become an extremely compelling alternative to incandescent and other traditional lighting.

A typical applications of the LED general lighting, including replacement bulbs and fluorescent tubes, Downlights, street lights and parking lights, working lights, landscape lighting, billboards text circuit, building lighting. The high power LED street light and LED tunnel light is generally between 50W to 300W; the applications power of the LED light used for lighting buildings and general area is between 40W and 125W , which belongs to the medium power range; 30W or less may be referred to the low-power LED lighting applications, including specific point lighting, interior lighting such as cabinets, recessed lights, spotlights PAR20/30/38 alternative lighting, tabe lamps, etc., as well as omni-directional lighting, such as accent lighting, household appliances, general lighting A-type lamp replacement, decorative lamps and ceiling fan lights . This article will focus on the applications of the low-power general lighting that is below 30W LED, as well as the corresponding Semiconductor energy-efficient solutions.

The factors that the applications of the Low-power LED lighting select the drive need to be considered

The main function of the LED driver is to limit the current range under the operating conditions, regardless of how changes in the input and output conditions. Its application design faces a variety of Limited conditions, such as the high efficiency, high cost, wide environmental conditions, high reliability, flexibility, other aspects of the standard that is compliance with the electromagnetic interference and harmonic content, and those that can be modified for existing applications or the traditional control methods work that can be used.
It is not easy to select the appropriate application for the low power LED driver, different factors need to be taken into account. For example, the operating temperature, duration of use, performance, and “Energy Star” and other industry standard requirements of the LED lamps are not the same on the commercial and residential market. In addition, there are also unique challenges on the replacement applications of the lamp, such as the heat restrictions of the LED drive and power supply, the size is limited and compatible dimming technology.

As far as the applicable standard of the LED general lighting is concerned, which is mainly power factor correction standards of the United States, “Energy Star” and the total harmonic distortion limits of the International Electrotechnical Commission and the European Union. Among them, the standard of the “Energy Star” V1 version requires LED lighting fixtures with PFC, suitable for embedded lights, cabinet lights and lamps and other specific products, but has nothing to do with the power level. This standard requires that the power factor (PF)of the residential applications is greater than 0.7 and the commercial applications is greater than 0.9. This standard is a voluntary standard that had be implemented in September 2011.The standard of the “Energy Star” Version 1.1 of the integral LED bulbs was put into force in August 2010, requiring the power factor of the lamp whose input power is higher than 5W is greater than 0.7.

As mentioned earlier, many factors must be considered to select the appropriate drive for the low power LED lighting applications, of which, such as the industry standard for the power factor is particularly important.

The Lead lighting is confronted with the new standard the ”Energy Star” issued, continuing to strengthen the use of certified raw materials such as LED chips, LED drivers, heat sinks, shell, etc., and improve R & D and production team, striving to adopt the best materials and technology to produce best quality LED flood light, LED tunnel light, LED tube light and other indoor and outdoor lighting, using highly integrated high-brightness COB as the light source of the LED Flood light and LED tunnel light and other outdoor lighting，adopting high brightness SMD LED as the light source of the LED tube light, the low-voltage constant current driver ensure the alternating current can be convert into direct current so that improve the energy use and reduces the stroboscopic effect stimulating the human eye, fully guarantee octahedron illuminated area of LED flood lights and bright light to adapt to outdoor open environment ，the soft and bright light of the LED tunnel light and LED tube light makes us safe driving in tunnels and enjoy work and study.As an ISO 9001:2000-certified factory,the lead lighting can meet the strict standards of CE, RoHS, FCC certificate, these strict producing standards guarantee our products distribute smoothly both in domestic and international markets. visit www.ledclan.com to Learn more vivid and specific characteristics of the LED tube light or click www.lead-lighting.com/products/bid32-1.htm for more detailed and professional LED tunnel lights or return homepage for other LED lighting.

For the LED lighting design, if only relying on the LED package，the good lighting can’t be produced. This part mainly explain from the design of thermal to analysis how to use the LED characteristics. Although the energy loss of the incandescent and fluorescent is large, most of the energy directly radiate through the infrared, the light source generate less heat; the LED, in addition to the energy consumption as the visible light, other energy is converted into heat. In addition, because the packaging size of LED small，the heat dissipation by convection and radiation is less, which has accumulated a lot of heat.

Thermal solution is simply to solve various problems caused by the heat. Are:

1 because the thermal expansion results in bending and cracking

The electronic equipment is made of multiple parts, each part of the material is different, the scale of thermal expansion and contraction is not the same. Therefore, when the various materials join together，it is possible to make the material bends, swelling, the product because of the stress at the joint will produce excessive cracking.

(2) barriers to the operation of the electronic circuit

In general, a semiconductor element as the heat source, there is such a characteristic that when the temperature of the electronic device of the semiconductor element rise, the electrical impedance becomes smaller. So it is easy to fall into the “temperature rise – impedance drops – current increase – increase in heat – the temperature rise,” the vicious cycle, and thus prone to burnout phenomenon.

3 the quality of material deteriorate

In general, the materials used in electronic devices is easily oxidized, the higher the temperature，the faster the oxidation, if these materials is oxidized by the repeated high temperature, which will shorten its life. Also, repeated heating, repeated expanse, shrink times, will reduce the strength of the material, thereby destroying the material.

LED’s thermal solution

There are many ways to prevent the electronic devices from generating heat. For example, add a radiator, place fan to provide air-conditioning around the heat source The former is by increasing the cooling area to increase the cooling channel, the latter is not make that the heat gather around. However, as shown in summarized figure 1 of LED lamp, LED package can not be directly connected to the radiator, there is not installed position for the fan. And the internal power supply and circuit board will generate heat, so the cooling problem of the LED lamps can be said to be a very difficult problem. Thus, how to effectively use the LED installation material and heat sink becomes very important.

So how to effectively use LED Mounting material and heat sink? We must first grasp the thermal heat transfer paths.

The Heat generated by the LED element moves to the circuit board through the packaging wire. Then release the heat through the heat sink，so do the heat generated by the circuit board of the power supply， through the ambient of air the board and filling material to depose the heat through the external heat sink.

What is important is that exclude that impede heat transfer path factors in the heat solution, such as the good thermal conductivity material can be considered using to expand cross-sectional area of the path in the heat transfer path (for example, thick is easier to conduct the heat than the thin copper wire), coat the thermal joints lubricant to make the product without leaving gaps.

In addition, the thermal characteristics is improved by these ways, but if the radiator does not depose the heat, there is still a lot of heat gathering inside. Therefore need to improve the surface characteristics of the heat sink. The typical method is to install a few more heat sinks on the surface, expand the exothermic area of the heat sink

LED Applications

The LED light is known as the high luminous efficiency, long life, not containing harmful substances, etc.. High luminous efficiency can increase battery life, which is more suitable for portable products.The life of LED light is generally 2 to 3 times more than incandescent lamp (Some data show that 40 times), because the use of long life LED， A typical example is the traffic lights. In addition, the response speed of the LED light is very fast, so it is suitable for the brake lights. The design freedom of LED lighting is very high, not only can adjust the brightness, but also adjust the color.

Meanwhile，there are a large number of excellent manufacturer engaging in manufacturing and researching the LED light，of which the lead lighting is just one，lead Lighting adopts high brightness SMD as the light source of the LED tube and highly integrated and high brightness COB as the light source of the LED flood light, which fully guaranteed stability and soft light of the LED tube light and octahedron breadth and brightness irradiation range of the LED flood light, while the low voltage constant current driver convert the AC into DC so that improve energy efficiency of the LED tube light and LED flood light and reduce the waste heat energy and stroboscopic effect exciting the human eye, the most important is that the LED lighting without adding mercury and other heavy metals harmful to our body and pollution the environment, that’s why the LED light is famous for energy-saving and environmental protection ，login www.ledclan.com to learn more features and uses of the LED tube light and surf www.lead-lighting.com to know more awesome LED floodlights and other LED lighting.

Lighting is not only the home of the lighting tool, but is becoming decoration in our daily life, moreover the unique creative lighting add a lot of fun to our home life. With the development of the times, there are a variety of forms for the lamp’s performance. With some concepts of the industrial age，a class of classic-style lamps came into being, the LED gear lights designed by Sigma is one of a highly representative.

The LED gear lights is is another example of their creative and design ideas that. In comparison with other lamps, this style of bulb can be can be well mutual cooperation, which is very suitable for modern living space and the environment.

The basic shape of the lights remains a very classical form, but many details are carefully and uniquely handled, making these lamps have their unique charm. The structure of this stylish LED gear light is very clear, we can very easily see the exposed metal gears. If the house is filled with such a LED lamps, is not there a retro taste?

In addition, these innovative light design includes the chandeliers and the funky wall lights. The emergence of these creative lighting not only enhances our lighting effects, but also deeply affect us for some concepts of the aesthetic interior design.

LED lighting is linked to the design and applied to home lighting, while the LED lighting brings us new sensory experience, indeed, LED as the third-generation semiconductor lighting due to the energy saving features is increasingly closer to our lives.Nowadays，the LED flood light and LED tube light are most widely used as the representatives of the home lighting and decorative lighting in daily life，the LED tube light enjoys a great popularity in our corridor, restaurants, shopping, leisure and entertainment, galleries, exhibition halls and other indoor environments everywhere, the LED flood light is mainly used in city squares, parks, stadiums, the facades of large commercial buildings and hotel, stage, waiting rooms, airports etc. where the higher brightness lighting is needed to illuminate. Lead Lighting adopts high brightness SMD as the light source of the LED tube and highly integrated and high brightness COB as the light source of the LED flood light, which fully guaranteed stability and soft light of the LED tube light and octahedron breadth and brightness irradiation range of the LED flood light, the low voltage constant current driver convert the AC into DC so that improve energy efficiency and reduce the waste heat energy and stroboscopic effect excite the human eye, the most important is that the LED tube light and LED flood light without adding mercury and other heavy metals harmful to our body and pollution the environment, that’s why the LED light is famous for energy-saving and environmental protection ，login www.ledclan.com to learn more features and uses of the LED tube light and surf www.lead-lighting.com to know more awesome LED floodlights and other LED lighting.

In general, most of the LED used for lighting is white. LED lighting depends largely on the inventions of the blue LED chip and the emitting efficiency.
Realization of white LED is mainly in two ways. One is using the LED chips and the phosphor, the other is to use LED chips whose color is RGB3. The key is to take the first way.
Using the blue phosphors are generally that a yellow phosphor is coated on the LED chip. when the blue light Emitted from the LED chip encounter the fluorescent phosphor， part of the light is converted into yellow light，the yellow and blue light of this part of the conversion mix together, it becomes a white light. By adjusting the amount of phosphor ，the color temperature of the white LED can be controlled, so the light color have already been decided in the production, the latter can not be adjusted.
At the same time, for the mixing the blue light and yellow light, then because of lack of the red and green components, resulting in poor color. Thus, the red and green phosphor can be mixed in the blue LED chip or the RGB phosphors can be mixed in the ultraviolet LED chip to improve its color.
Taking advantage of RGB3 color LED chips lies in that the RGB can adjust various color, so which can not only produce the white light, but also produce various other colors of light. However, the quantity of LED chips is increasingly used, the costs will rise.

Three features of the LED:

(1) Thermal characteristics
Although the LED fever rarely, but because multiple pieces of several watts of the LED need to be used in the LED lighting, so which will produce very high heat. Although the LED efficiency is relatively high, but the high-rate support run in the tiny currents. High current, high temperature, the efficiency is low.
In addition, the phosphor type of the LED, when the wavelength is converted，the energy will be lost, thereby the heat is generated. Continuous high temperature will cause that the life of the LED chip, phosphor, encapsulating resin is reduced. Therefore, in order to maintain the advantage of “high efficiency”, “long life” of the LED, it is necessary to control the LED junction temperature.
(2) electric characteristics
LED power supply is significantly different from the incandescent, fluorescent. Incandescent lamp can be connected directly to 220V AC. Although the ballasts and switch are attached on the fluorescent, but 220V AC is also used. While the power supply of the LED requires the DC constant current, it is necessary to convert 220V AC to DC. The efficient of the Power is not high，which will directly affect the efficiency of the entire lighting, thus what is very important that increasing power efficiency is to improve the efficiency of LED lighting.
There are two main methods for adjusting the LED light,. One is to change the constant current, the other is to change the pulse modulation. LED is the recombination of electrons and holes to emit light, the light beam depends on the current. Current is small, and the beam is basically proportional to the current, when the LED current increases, the heat increases, resulting in low luminous efficiency, and the current is not proportional to the beam.
In the method of changing the pulse duty cycle, the Talbot-Plateau effect (after repeatedly receiving the momentary flash, the human eye will experience the average brightness at repeated time), we can change the brightness according to the pulse duty cycle.
(3) Optical properties
Compared with incandescent and fluorescent lamps, the lighting efficiency of an LED light is relatively small, so the multiple pieces LED need to be used. Meanwhile, because the emitting area of the LED is small, if the brightness is high, the vertigo is easily occurred when the human eye look. To reduce the brightness, use the diffusion plate. However, for the use of the diffusion plate, then light diverge in all directions, reducing the efficiency of light.
LED, the light distribution of incandescent, fluorescent varies. The so-called light distribution is the direction of the light and the direction of the luminous intensity. Even if the same light beam, if the distribution of light distribution is different, the illuminance distribution will be different. Sometimes appear the irradiation intensity of where originally intend to be irradiated decreased, but the rest of the illuminance increases.

To reduce the waste of light, the light distribution must be controlled, a lens and mirror should be used. LED itself has a small light-emitting area, the light emission is limited in the hemisphere, light distribution is symmetrical and rotationally etc., plus lenses and mirrors, can constitute a good source.
Other properties in the light source ~ the spectrum. The LED luminous spectrum focuses on a specific wavelength of a very narrow range, which does not emit infrared radiation. Therefore, when do not want to heat up the irradiated object, the use of LED is better. However, LED itself may have a fever, we need to pay attention to prevent the thermal conductivity. Also note, fir the phosphor type of the LED, the color temperature is changed as the temperature changes.Meanwhile，there are a large number of excellent manufacturer engaging in manufacturing and researching the LED light，of which the lead lighting is just one，lead Lighting adopts high brightness SMD as the light source of the LED tube and highly integrated and high brightness COB as the light source of the LED flood light, which fully guaranteed stability and soft light of the LED tube light and octahedron breadth and brightness irradiation range of the LED flood light, while the low voltage constant current driver convert the AC into DC so that improve energy efficiency of the LED tube light and LED flood light and reduce the waste heat energy and stroboscopic effect exciting the human eye, the most important is that the LED lighting without adding mercury and other heavy metals harmful to our body and pollution the environment, that’s why the LED light is famous for energy-saving and environmental protection ，login www.ledclan.com to learn more features and uses of the LED tube light and surf www.lead-lighting.com to know more awesome LED floodlights and other LED lighting.

LED light-emitting principle and main arguments

1. LED light-emitting principle

The LED is a kind of the electron diode, the main structure is a PN junction. Figure 1, when the voltage is applied to the both end of the LED, electrons absorb the energy to turn to the valence electron band, and then release the energy absorbed， the energy released is light. The wavelength of light emitted and the color is determined by the electric potential difference between the semiconductor decision.

The LED has similar characteristics of the general silicon diode, a voltage is applied between the positive and negative. When the applied voltage reaches a critical value, LED current is generated, start emitting light. When the voltage exceeds this threshold, the current increases dramatically. The threshold voltage of the white LED approximately 3.5V. the threshold voltage values of the Red, green, and blue LED is shown in Table 1.

We use circuit simulation to illustrate the electrical properties and the drive circuit of the LED. The circuit simulation is a simple method that the electronic design of the LED and resistance is modeled and the computer simulates the operation of the circuit. Here is Cadence’s circuit simulation PSpiceA / D. While using the Philips Lighting Company’s LUXEON series LX3-PW71.

First, using the circuit of Figure 2 to verify the electronic properties of the LED. To get the voltage – current characteristics, the need for direct analysis.

Verify LXM3-PM71 voltage – current characteristic results showed that: in the case of 354mA，the current is about 3.0V

Meanwhile，there are a large number of excellent manufacturer engaging in manufacturing and researching the LED light，of which the lead lighting is just one，lead Lighting adopts high brightness SMD as the light source of the LED tube and highly integrated and high brightness COB as the light source of the LED flood light, which fully guaranteed stability and soft light of the LED tube light and octahedron breadth and brightness irradiation range of the LED flood light, while the low voltage constant current driver convert the AC into DC so that improve energy efficiency of the LED tube light and LED flood light and reduce the waste heat energy and stroboscopic effect exciting the human eye, the most important is that the LED lighting without adding mercury and other heavy metals harmful to our body and pollution the environment, that’s why the LED light is famous for energy-saving and environmental protection ，login www.ledclan.com to learn more features and uses of the LED tube light and surf www.lead-lighting.com to know more awesome LED floodlights and other LED lighting.

Which kind of LED lamp is most suitable to decorate our room, do not you? As an optical designer, I do understand the related features and functionality of LED lighting product, the LED tube light and LED bulb are interior lighting , because the LED chip is not the same，the illumination of the same kind of LED tube light and LED bulb is not the same, in general, 3W LED bulb’s brightness is 270 lumens, 5W is 450 lumens, 7W is 630 lumens, 9W is 810 lumens, while the brightness of LED tube light is relatively higher, the luminous flux of 8W LED tube T5 is 600 lumens, 12W is 900 lumens, 16W is 1380 lumens, 20W is 15,000 lumens, if you pay more attention to decorative effect, LED bulb light is more compact, taking up less space, with better decorative effect, if more caring about the brightness, then I think LED tube light is the best choice

Next, how many LED bulb or tube light is used to save energy in the end, while ensuring the brightness and decorative effect, Generally speaking, we have three rooms and one hall and one balconies, the apartment room is about 20 square meters, the hall is 30~40 square meters,the balcony about is 10 square meters, so a LED tube light or 2 LED bulb is suitable for each room or balcony , meanwhile, we have to choose an affordable LED bulb and LED tube light, we have many choices, the most common is surfing the shopping sites, such as ebay and Amazon shopping, but if we can directly contact the manufacturer of high-quality LED lighting，we would save a lot of time and the middle part of the fee, I have two-three friends who design lighting for the projects and government are always basically cooperating with Chinese LED lighting manufacturer, because the prices of LED lighting China is significantly low, moreover the most important thing is the relatively guaranteed quality, there a large number choices in China that is known for manufacturing， with their proposal, I viewed a homepage of a Chinese manufacturer- www.lead-lighting.com and www.ledclan.com, first, such fine and simple layouts and detailed descriptions of function and range of products that I quickly find the desired LED tube light, I thought such a professional and humane web site, their product must not be bad, a professional sales staff answered detailed what I wanted to know as soon as I left a purchase intention, which I was very satisfied, although my friend and I just ordered small quantities LED tube light and LED floodlights, they still individually produced and packaged and timely sent to our hands, together with detailed installation instructions and precautions, professional attitude and good service make us very moved, and now , one year later, the soft and stable light of the LED tube light mounted in the bedroom not only allow me to relax comfortably, but also saved me a lot of the costs of replacing lamps and 50~60 dollars per month in electricity

I hope my experience and knowledge can help you find the preferable LED lighting, thank you！